Key Terms
- basolateral complex
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part of the brain with dense connections with a variety of sensory areas of the brain; it is critical for classical conditioning and attaching emotional value to memory
- bisexual
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emotional, romantic, and/or erotic attraction to those of the same gender or to those of another gender
- body language
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emotional expression through body position or movement
- Cannon-Bard theory of emotion
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physiological arousal and emotional experience occur at the same time
- central nucleus
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part of the brain involved in attention and has connections with the hypothalamus and various brainstem areas to regulate the autonomic nervous and endocrine systems’ activity
- cognitive-mediational theory
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our emotions are determined by our appraisal of the stimulus
- components of emotion
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physiological arousal, psychological appraisal, and subjective experience
- cultural display rule
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one of the culturally specific standards that govern the types and frequencies of emotions that are acceptable
- drive theory
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deviations from homeostasis create physiological needs that result in psychological drive states that direct behavior to meet the need and ultimately bring the system back to homeostasis
- emotion
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subjective state of being often described as feelings
- excitement
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phase of the sexual response cycle that involves sexual arousal
- extrinsic motivation
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motivation that arises from external factors or rewards
- facial feedback hypothesis
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facial expressions are capable of influencing our emotions
- gender dysphoria
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diagnostic category in DSM-5 for individuals who experience enduring distress as a result of their gender identity not aligning with their sex assigned at birth
- gender identity
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individual’s sense of being male, female, neither of these, both of these, or another gender
- habit
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pattern of behavior in which we regularly engage
- heterosexual
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emotional, romantic, and/or erotic attractions to opposite-sex individuals
- hierarchy of needs
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spectrum of needs ranging from basic biological needs to social needs to self-actualization
- instinct
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species-specific pattern of behavior that is unlearned
- intrinsic motivation
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motivation based on internal feelings rather than external rewards
- James-Lange theory of emotion
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emotions arise from physiological arousal
- motivation
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wants or needs that direct behavior toward some goal
- orgasm
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peak phase of the sexual response cycle associated with rhythmic muscle contractions (and ejaculation)
- plateau
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phase of the sexual response cycle that falls between excitement and orgasm
- polygraph
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lie detector test that measures physiological arousal of individuals as they answer a series of questions
- refractory period
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time immediately following an orgasm during which an individual is incapable of experiencing another orgasm
- resolution
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phase of the sexual response cycle following orgasm during which the body returns to its unaroused state
- Schachter-Singer two-factor theory of emotion
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emotions consist of two factors: physiological and cognitive
- self-efficacy
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individual’s belief in their own capabilities or capacities to complete a task
- set point theory
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assertion that each individual has an ideal body weight, or set point, that is resistant to change
- sexual orientation
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emotional, romantic, and/or erotic attraction to other people or no people
- sexual response cycle
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divided into 4 phases including excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution
- transgender hormone therapy
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use of hormones to make one’s body look more like a different sex or gender
- Yerkes-Dodson law
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simple tasks are performed best when arousal levels are relatively high, while complex tasks are best performed when arousal is lower