Exam 1
Review

PSYC 181 – Intro to Psych

Emma Marshall – Instructor

University of Nebraska-Lincoln

July 25, 2024

Exam 1

  • Will cover information from Units 1-6

  • Exam will include two-phases:

    • Phase 1 (75% of grade): You will take a 30 question exam using the respondus browser on Canvas. You are welcome to take as much time as you want within the multi-day exam window but once you start the exam you cannot close out of it and reenter it. You will take this part of the exam individually.
    • Phase 2 (25% of grade): You will take the second part of the exam with a group of your peers. Your group will meet on Zoom and complete the exam together through consensus.

Your final grade will be a weighted average of your score on Phase 1 (75%) and Phase 2 (25%) of each exam.

Exam policies

  • Material for the exams is not limited to topics discussed in lectures. Students are responsible for assigned readings.
  • All exams are closed book. You may not use the textbook, your notes, or the internet.
  • No make-up exams will be given without a valid, documented excuse and notification to the instructor before the scheduled exam. For example, if you are ill on a particular exam day, you will need to email the instructor before missing the exam.
  • The instructor reserves the right to administer oral make-up examinations.

Unit 1: What is Psychology?

Psychology

Scientific study of the mind, brain, and behavior

Modern Foundations

German

Portrait of William Wundt

Structuralism
Understanding the conscious experience through introspection

American

Portrait of William James

Functionalism
How mental activities contributed to survival

Modern Psychology

Applied Psychology

Unit 2: Research Methods

Psychological Science has Four Goals

Description
Prediction
Control
Explanation

Types of studies

Descriptive
Experimental
Correlational

Unit 3: Biopsychology

Nervous system

Cells of the Nervous system

Neurons are the basic unit and transmit messages through electrical and chemical signals

The Brain

Brain imaging techniques

Edocrine System

Network of glands that produce and secrete hormones

Male Endocrine System

Female Endocrine System

Unit 4: Sleep

Melatonin and Sleep Regulation

Brain Areas involved in sleep

The pineal and pituitary glands secrete a number of hormones during sleep

The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN)

Why do we sleep?

Evolutionary Theory
Cognitive function
Restoration theory

Unit 5: Sensation & Perception

Waves: amplitude and wavelength

Sensory systems

Transduction ➜ Transformation

Vision
Hearing

(audition)

Smell

(olfaction)

Taste

(gustation)

Touch

(somatosensation)

Body Position

(proprioception)

Movement

(kinesthesia)

Pain

(nociception)

Temperature

(thermoception)

Balance

(vestibular sense)

Amplitude and wavelength

Transduction

Anatomy Of the Visual System

Light path: Cornea → Iris → Lens → Retina
Transmission: Ganglion cells → Optic nerve → Thalamus → Visual cortex

Types of Processing

Gestalt

  1. Figure-ground relationship
  2. Proximity
  3. Similarity
  4. Continuity
  5. Closure

Unit 6: Motivation & Emotion

Theories of Motivation

Instinct theory
Drive Theory
Arousal Theory
Yerks & Dodson Law

Over-justification Effect

Sex

Theories of Emotion

James-Lange Theory
Cannon-Bard Theory
Schachter-Singer Two-Factor Theory
Lazarus’ Cognitive-Mediational Theory

The biology of emotions